发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-20 09:39
共1个回答
热心网友 时间:2023-09-30 21:07
来自于五月花~有中英文~先是中文~
感恩节的由来
感恩节的起源,和英国*教的宗教纷争有关。大约在公元16世纪末到17世纪,英国清教徒发起了一场来势猛烈的宗教改革运动,宣布脱离国教,另立教会,主张清除*教圣公会内部的残余影响。但是,在17世纪中叶时,保皇议会通过了《信奉国教法》,清教徒开始遭到*和教会势力的残酷*,逮捕、酷刑,宗教审判,每时每刻都在威胁着清教徒。被*无奈,他们只得迁往荷兰避难。但是,寄人篱下的日子不好过。在荷兰,清教徒不仅没能逃脱宗教*,而且饱受战争带来的痛苦和折磨。更令他们难以忍受的是,远在异国他乡,孩子们受不到“英国式的教育,对故土的感情一天一天地淡薄下去。为了彻底逃脱宗教*的魔爪,为下一代保留住祖国的语言和传统,他们再一次想到大迁徙。
天下虽大,何处是这群天涯沦落人的归宿呢?想来想去,他们把目光投向了美洲。哥伦布在100多年前发现的这块“新*”,地域辽阔,物产富饶,而且有很多地方还是没有国王。没有议会、没有刽子手、未开发的*地。“海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞。”只有在这样的地方,他们才能轻轻松松地生活,自由自在地信奉、传播自己所喜欢的宗教,开拓出一块属于清教徒的人间乐园。
于是,清教徒的著名领袖布雷德福召集了102名同伴,在1620年9月,登上了一艘重180吨,长90英尺的木制帆船——五月花号,开始了哥伦布远征式的冒险航行。对于航海来说,这艘有着浪漫名称的船只未免太小了。由于形势所迫,他们“选择”的,又是一年中最糟的渡洋季节。不过,怀着对未来的美好憧憬,为了找回失去的权利和自由,这群饱经忧患的人已经不顾一切了。
海上风急浪高,五月花号就像狂风暴雨中的一片树叶,艰难地向前漂泊着,几乎随时都有船毁人亡的危险。但在大家的共同努力下,船只没有遇到任何损害,并在航行了66天后,于11月21 日安抵北美*的科德角,即今天美国马萨诸塞州普罗文斯敦港。稍事休整后,五月花号继续沿海岸线前进。由于逆风和时差,它没有能到达预定的目的地——弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯敦,反而在圣诞节后的第一天,把他们送上了新英格兰的土地。
有意思的是,在这次充满危险的远征中,所有探险者只有一人死亡。但由于旅途中诞生了一名婴儿,使到达美洲的人不多不少,仍然是102名。移民都是虔诚的教徒,无不手划十字,衷心感谢上帝的眷顾。
现在,呈现在他们面前的,完全是一块陌生的土地,蜿蜒曲折的海岸线,显得沉寂、荒凉。因此,大约在一个月内,移民们不敢贸然靠岸,仍然以船为家。在此期间,他们派出了侦察队,乘坐小船在科德角湾沿线寻找定居地。一天,正在大家焦急等待的时候,侦察队返回来报告说,他们发现了一个适合移民们居住的、真正的“天堂”。“天堂”就是今天的普利茅斯港,这是一个天然的良港,非常适合五月花号停泊。港口附近有一个优良的渔场,可以提供大量的海产品。不远处一片连绵起伏的小山,就像一道天然屏障,把这块土地环绕起来。在明亮的阳光下,结了冰的小溪反射着晶莹的光泽,可以为移民们提供充足的淡水。开垦过的肥沃农田,一块一块整整齐齐地排列着。除此之外,他们还看到了一片虽然残破,却足以遮风避雨,帮助他们度过严冬的房屋……看起来,一切都不错,而且不能再好了。唯一令他们感到迷惘的是,这片到处都有人类生活遗迹的土地,竟然看不到一个人影,一缕炊烟,显得是那样荒凉,倒好似事先就为他们准备的一样。后来才知道,这里原来是一个相当繁荣的印第安村落。几年前天花流行,全村人无一幸免,这才使它成了这群异国漂泊者的最佳避难所。
几天后,五月花号渡过了科德角湾,在普利茅斯港抛下了锚链。移民们划着小艇登陆时,按照古老的航海传统,首先登上了一块高耸于海面上的大礁石。五月花号上礼炮轰鸣,人声鼎沸,共同庆祝新生活的开始。后来,这块礁石就被称为“普利茅斯石”,成为美洲新英格兰第一个永久性殖民地的历史见证。
不过,对这些渴望幸福的移民来说,第一个冬天并不美好。从大西洋上吹来的凛冽寒风,像魔鬼一样在空中嘶鸣,漫天的冰雪,无情地拍打着简陋的住房。在这一片冰天雪地里,移民们缺少必要的装备,也缺乏在这片土地上生活的经验。在繁忙劳动的重压下,不少人累倒了,累病了,恶劣的饮食,难以忍受的严寒,使更多的人倒地不起。接踵而来的传染病,夺去许多人的生命。一个冬天过去,历尽千难万险来到美洲的102名移民,只剩下了50个。几乎每天都有人死去,几乎天天都有一家或几家在做丧事。刚刚踏上这片土地时的欢乐没有了。每个人、的心头,都被一种空前绝望的气氛所笼罩。一个梦,一个刚刚开始的美梦,难道就这样被打破了吗?每个人都在思索着。
就在移民们束手无策,坐以待毙时,第二年春天的一个早晨,一名印第安人走进了普利茅斯村。他自我介绍说,他是临近村落的印第安酋长派来察看情况的。这是移民们来到美洲后接待的第一个客人。他们向客人倾诉了自己的来历以及所经受的种种无以复加的苦难。印第安人默默地听着,脸上流露出无限的怜悯和同情。事情就此有了转机,几天后,这名印度安人把他的酋长马萨索德带进了移民们的房屋。酋长是个慷慨热情的人,他向移民表示了热烈的欢迎,给他们送来了许多生活必需品作礼物。派来了最有经验、最能干的印第安人,教给移民们怎样在这块土地上生活,教他们捕鱼、狩猎、耕作以及饲养火鸡等技能。
这一年,天公作美,风调雨顺,再加上印第安人的指导和帮助,移民们获得了大丰收,终于闯过了生活的难关,过上了安定、富裕的日子,就在这一年秋天,已成为普利茅斯总督的布雷德福颁布了举行盛典,感谢上帝眷顾的决定,这就是历史上的第一个感恩节。当然,他没有忘记为移民们排忧解难的真正“上帝”——热情、好客、智慧的印第安人,特地邀请马萨索德和他手下的印第安人前来参加节日庆典。
印第安人欣然接受了邀请,提前送来了5只鹿作为礼物。11月底的一天,移民们大摆筵席,桌子上摆满了自山林中打来的野味和用自产的玉米、甫瓜、笋瓜、火鸡等制作的佳肴。庆祝活动一共进行了3天,白天,宾主共同欢宴,畅叙友情。晚上,草地上燃起了熊熊簧火,在凉爽的秋风中,印第安小伙子同普利茅斯殖民地的年轻人一起跳舞、唱歌、摔跤、射箭,气氛非常热烈。
今天,在美国人心目中,感恩节是比圣诞节还要重要的节日。首先,它是一个长达4天的假日,足以使人们尽情狂欢、庆祝。其次,它也是传统的家庭团聚的日子。感恩节期间,散居在他乡外地的家人,都要赶回家过节,这已经成了全国性的习俗。此外,美国人一年中最重视的一餐,就是感恩节的晚宴。在美国这个生活节奏很快,竞争激烈的国度里,平日的饮食极为简单。美国的快餐流行世界,就是一个很好的说明。但在感恩节的夜晚,家家户户都大办筵席,物品之丰盛,令人咋舌。在节日的餐桌上,上至总统,下至庶民,火鸡和南瓜饼都是必备的。这两味“珍品”体现了美国人民忆及先民开拓艰难、追思第一个感恩节的怀;日情绪。因此,感恩节也被称为“火鸡节”。
尽管感恩节是合家团圆的日子,每年节日期间,仍然有成千上万人抽出余暇,前往普利茅斯港参观、游览,重温美国的历史。今天,不仅美国人过感恩节,加拿大人也把它视为例行节日。这或许因为,在加拿大这片广阔的土地上,也生活着许多英国移民的后裔吧!
然后是英文的来源&历史~
Thanksgiving Day , legal holiday in the U.S., first celebrated in early colonial times in New England. The actual origin, however, is probably the harvest festivals that are traditional in many parts of the world Festivals and Feasts. After the first harvest was completed by the Plymouth colonists in 1621, Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving and prayer, shared by all the colonists and neighboring Native Americans. The Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock held their Thanksgiving in 1621 as a three day "thank you" celebration to the leaders of the Wampanoag Indian tribe and their families for teaching them the survival skills they needed to make it in the New World. It was their good fortune that the tradition of the Wampanoags was to treat any visitor to their homes with a share of whatever food the family had, even if supplies were low. It was also an amazing stroke of luck that one of the Wampanoag, Tisquantum or Squanto, had become close friends with a British explorer, John Weymouth, and had learned the Pilgrim's language in his travels to England with Weymouth.
After the first New England Thanksgiving the custom spread throughout the colonies, but each region chose its own date. In 17 George Washington, the first president of the United States, proclaimed November 26 a day of Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving day continued to be celebrated in the United States on different days in different states until Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale, editor of Godey's Lady's Book, decided to do something about it. For more than 30 years she wrote letters to the governors and presidents asking them to make Thanksgiving Day a national holiday.
Finally, in 1863, President Lincoln issued a White House proclamation calling on the "whole American people" wherever they lived to unite "with one heart and one voice" in observing a special day of thanksgiving. Setting apart the last Thursday of November for the purpose, the President urged prayers in the churches and in the homes to "implore the interposition of the almighty had to heal the wounds of the nations and to restore it...to full enjoyment of peace, harmony, tranquility and union." He also states that they express heartfelt thanks for the "blessing of fruitful fields and healthful skies."
In 1939 President Franklin D. Roosevelt advanced Thanksgiving Day one week. However, since some states used the new date and others the old, it was changed again 2 years later. Thanksgiving Day is now celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.
The first formal celebration of Thanksgiving in North America was held by an English explorer, Martin Frobisher, who attempted to establish an English settlement on Baffin Island, after failing to discover a northern passage to the Orient in 1576. Canada established the second Monday in October as a national holiday, "a day of general thanksgiving," in 1957.
In 1817 New York State adopted Thanksgiving Day as an annual custom. By the middle of the 19th century many other states also celebrated a Thanksgiving Day. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln appointed a national day of thanksgiving. Since then each president has issued a Thanksgiving Day proclamation, usually designating the fourth Thursday of each November as the holiday.
感恩节的英文定义~
Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. First celebrated in what would become Canada in the late 1500s, Thanksgiving was later also celebrated in what would become the United States in the early 1600s. Today, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States.
中英文的解释不是对照的~但是本质都是一样的~