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Spring的事务传播机制实例

2024-12-14 来源:哗拓教育

1,Propagation.REQUIRED

如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务,如果已经存在一个事务中,加入到这个事务中。详细解释在代码下方。

看下代码
员工service

@Service
public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {

    @Autowired
    EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;

    @Autowired
    DepartmentService departmentService;

    /**
     * 添加员工的同时添加部门
     * REQUIRED 传播
     * @param name 员工姓名
     */
    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpByRequired(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(1);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDept("jishubu");
        int i = 1/0;
    }
}

部门service

@Service
public class DepartmentServiceImpl implements DepartmentService {

    @Autowired
    DepartmentMapper departmentMapper;

    @Override
    public void addDeptByRequired(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
//        int i = 1/0;
    }
}
注:该篇文章所测试的皆是运行addEmpByRequired方法。

1,上述代码中,无论int i =1/0 这个异常出现在哪里,添加员工和添加部门都会回滚。
因为 REQUIRED 会让添加员工和添加部门变为一个事务。,
2,值得一提的是,如果异常在addDept中,但是在addEmpByRequired把 addDept方法 try,catch了,则会抛出异常:Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only 。
3,如果在addDeptByRequired上添加@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED),在addEmpByRequired不添加事务,则addDeptByRequired是一个事务,addEmpByRequired并不是一个事务。因为addDeptByRequired开启了一个事务,但是addEmpByRequired并不存在一个事务中。

2,Propagation.SUPPORTS

支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就以非事务方式执行。

员工service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpBySupports(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(2);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDeptBySupports("jishubu");
//        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS)
    public void addDeptBySupports(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
        int i = 1/0;
    }

关于这个属性,在以上代码中,主要是添加到addDeptBySupports上的,也就是被调用方法上。因为添加到addEmpBySupports就不以事务的方式运行了。
然后,如果addEmpBySupports为事务,则addDeptBySupports也为事务。如果addEmpBySupports不是事务,则addDeptBySupports也不是事务。

3,Propagation.MANDATORY

使用当前的事务,如果当前没有事务,就抛出异常。

员工Service

    @Override
//    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpByMandatory(String name) {
        System.out.println("aaaaaa");
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(3);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDeptByMandatory("jishubu");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.MANDATORY)
    public void addDeptByMandatory(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
        int i = 1/0;
    }

这个属性也是添加到addDeptByMandatory(被调用者) 上的。如果添加到addEmpByMandatory(调用者)上,则直接抛出异常。
该属性添加到addDeptByMandatory上, 如果addEmpByMandatory有事务,则addDeptByMandatory加入到addEmpByMandatory的事务中,如果addEmpByMandatory没有事务,则直接抛出异常。

4,Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW

员工Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void addEmpByRequiresNew(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(4);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDeptByRequiresNew("jishubu");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void addDeptByRequiresNew(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
//        int i = 1/0;
    }

这个属性应该是除了REQUIRED用的最多的。这个属性也是针对被调用者的(addDeptByRequiresNew)。
不管调用者(addEmpByRequiresNew)是否存在事务,被调用者(addDeptByRequiresNew)都会新开一个事务,相当于被调用者都存在于自己的事务中和调用者没有关系。
如上述代码,addEmpByRequiresNew会回滚,但addDeptByRequiresNew不会回滚。因为他们是两个事务。

5,Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED

以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。

员工Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpByNotSupported(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(5);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDeptByNotSupported("jishubu");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
    public void addDeptByNotSupported(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
        int i = 1/0;
    }

这个属性如果放在调用者(addEmpByNotSupported)上,则是以非事务方式运行。
如果放在被调用者(addDeptByNotSupported)上,该方法(addDeptByNotSupported)以非事务运行,调用者如果有事务,则运行单独的事务(挂起)。
上述代码,会出现添加员工回滚,添加部门不回滚。

6,Propagation.NEVER

以非事务方式执行,如果当前存在事务,则抛出异常。

员工Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpByNever(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(6);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        departmentService.addDeptByNever("jishubu");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NEVER)
    public void addDeptByNever(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
        int i = 1/0;
    }

这个属性如果在调用者上,则直接以非事务运行。如果作用在被调用者上,则看调用者是否有事务,如果调用者有事务,则抛出异常,如果没有事务,则以非事务运行。
上述代码中,则会抛出异常。(并不是除0异常,而是:Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never')

7,Propagation.NESTED

如果当前存在事务,则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务,则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。
(这个和REQUIRED区别在于一个是加入到一个事务,一个是在嵌套事务运行)

员工Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void addEmpByNested(String name) {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setDeptId(7);
        employee.setName(name);
        employee.setAddress("邯郸");
        employeeMapper.insertSelective(employee);
        try {

            departmentService.addDeptByNested("jishubu");
        }catch (Exception e){

        }
//        int i = 1/0;
    }

部门Service

    @Override
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NESTED)
    public void addDeptByNested(String name) {
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setName(name);
        departmentMapper.insertSelective(department);
        int i = 1/0;
    }

可以这么理解,大多数情况下,效果和REQUIRED一样。但是有一种情况,就是上述代码中,被调用者事务传播属性为NESTED,当出现异常时, 调用者把departmentService try,catch了。这个区别与REQUIRED的并不会报错,而且addEmpByNested方法不会回滚,只有addDeptByNested回滚了。
大概原理:当被调用者使用PROPAGATION_NESTED时,底层的数据源必须基于JDBC 3.0,并且实现者需要支持保存点事务机制。按上述代码来说(去掉try,catch),当执行到addDeptByNested这个方法时,Spring会为它创建一个内部的嵌套事务,如果addDeptByNested执行失败,则事务回滚到addDeptByNested之前的点,此时如果不抛异常,则不会回滚。这个嵌套事务,是addEmpByNested的一部分,只有外层事务提交了,内层的嵌套事务才会一起提交,这也是与REQUIRED(加入事务),REQUIRES_NEW(开启新事务)的区别。
还值得一提的是,NESTED是嵌套的意思,其实并不是只有NESTED用于嵌套,只要理解上述7个传播机制的意思,都可以嵌套用。

下边是一个我同事总结的图。非常精确,简短。 大神同事syq的图 (⊙0⊙).png
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