本篇博客主要讲解如何使用foreach标签生成动态的Sql,主要包含以下3个场景:
- foreach 实现in集合
- foreach 实现批量插入
- foreach 实现动态update
一. foreach 实现in集合
假设有这样1个需求:根据传入的用户id集合查询出所有符合条件的用户,此时我们需要使用到Sql中的IN,如 id in (1,1001)。
首先,我们在接口SysUserMapper中添加如下方法:
/**
* 根据用户id集合查询用户
*
* @param idList
* @return
*/
List<SysUser> selectByIdList(List<Long> idList);
然后在对应的SysUserMapper.xml中添加如下代码:
<select id="selectByIdList" resultType="com.zwwhnly.mybatisaction.model.SysUser">
SELECT id,
user_name,
user_password,
user_email,
create_time
FROM sys_user
WHERE id IN
<foreach collection="list" open="(" close=")" separator=","
item="id" index="i">
#{id}
</foreach>
</select>
最后,在SysUserMapperTest测试类中添加如下测试方法:
@Test
public void testSelectByIdList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession();
try {
SysUserMapper sysUserMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(SysUserMapper.class);
List<Long> idList = new ArrayList<Long>();
idList.add(1L);
idList.add(1001L);
List<SysUser> userList = sysUserMapper.selectByIdList(idList);
Assert.assertEquals(2, userList.size());
} finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
运行测试代码,测试通过,输出日志如下:
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT id, user_name, user_password, user_email, create_time FROM sys_user WHERE id IN ( ? , ? )
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Long), 1001(Long)
TRACE [main] - <== Columns: id, user_name, user_password, user_email, create_time
TRACE [main] - <== Row: 1, admin, 123456, admin@mybatis.tk, 2019-06-27 18:21:07.0
TRACE [main] - <== Row: 1001, test, 123456, test@mybatis.tk, 2019-06-27 18:21:07.0
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 2
通过日志会发现,foreach元素中的内容最终生成的Sql语句为(1,1001)。
foreach包含属性讲解:
- open:整个循环内容开头的字符串。
- close:整个循环内容结尾的字符串。
- separator:每次循环的分隔符。
- item:从迭代对象中取出的每一个值。
- index:如果参数为集合或者数组,该值为当前索引值,如果参数为Map类型时,该值为Map的key。
- collection:要迭代循环的属性名。
也许有人会好奇,为什么collection的值是list?该值该如何设置呢?
上面的例子中只有一个集合参数,我们把collection属性的值设置为了list,其实也可以写成collection,为什么呢?让我们看下DefaultSqlSession中的默认处理逻辑:
private Object wrapCollection(Object object) {
DefaultSqlSession.StrictMap map;
if (object instanceof Collection) {
map = new DefaultSqlSession.StrictMap();
map.put("collection", object);
if (object instanceof List) {
map.put("list", object);
}
return map;
} else if (object != null && object.getClass().isArray()) {
map = new DefaultSqlSession.StrictMap();
map.put("array", object);
return map;
} else {
return object;
}
}
虽然使用默认值,代码也可以正常运行,但还是推荐使用@Param来指定参数的名字,如下所示:
List<SysUser> selectByIdList(@Param("idList") List<Long> idList);
<foreach collection="idList" open="(" close=")" separator=","
item="id" index="i">
#{id}
</foreach>
如果参数是一个数组参数,collection可以设置为默认值array,看了上面的源码,应该不难理解。
/**
* 根据用户id数组查询用户
*
* @param idArray
* @return
*/
List<SysUser> selectByIdArray(Long[] idArray);
<select id="selectByIdArray" resultType="com.zwwhnly.mybatisaction.model.SysUser">
SELECT id,
user_name,
user_password,
user_email,
create_time
FROM sys_user
WHERE id IN
<foreach collection="array" open="(" close=")" separator=","
item="id" index="i">
#{id}
</foreach>
</select>
虽然使用默认值,代码也可以正常运行,但还是推荐使用@Param来指定参数的名字,如下所示:
List<SysUser> selectByIdArray(@Param("idArray")Long[] idArray);
<foreach collection="idArray" open="(" close=")" separator=","
item="id" index="i">
#{id}
</foreach>
二. foreach 实现批量插入
假设有这样1个需求:将传入的用户集合批量写入数据库。
首先,我们在接口SysUserMapper中添加如下方法:
/**
* 批量插入用户信息
*
* @param userList
* @return
*/
int insertList(List<SysUser> userList);
然后在对应的SysUserMapper.xml中添加如下代码:
<insert id="insertList" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
INSERT INTO sys_user(user_name, user_password, user_email, user_info, head_img, create_time)
VALUES
<foreach collection="list" item="user" separator=",">
(#{user.userName},#{user.userPassword},#{user.userEmail},#{user.userInfo},#{user.headImg,jdbcType=BLOB},#{user.createTime,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP})
</foreach>
</insert>
最后,在SysUserMapperTest测试类中添加如下测试方法:
@Test
public void testInsertList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession();
try {
SysUserMapper sysUserMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(SysUserMapper.class);
List<SysUser> sysUserList = new ArrayList<SysUser>();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
SysUser sysUser = new SysUser();
sysUser.setUserName("test" + i);
sysUser.setUserPassword("123456");
sysUser.setUserEmail("test@mybatis.tk");
sysUserList.add(sysUser);
}
int result = sysUserMapper.insertList(sysUserList);
for (SysUser sysUser : sysUserList) {
System.out.println(sysUser.getId());
}
Assert.assertEquals(2, result);
} finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
运行测试代码,测试通过,输出日志如下:
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO sys_user(user_name, user_password, user_email, user_info, head_img, create_time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?) , (?,?,?,?,?,?)
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: test0(String), 123456(String), test@mybatis.tk(String), null, null, null, test1(String), 123456(String), test@mybatis.tk(String), null, null, null
DEBUG [main] - <== Updates: 2
1035
1036
三. foreach 实现动态update
假设有这样1个需求:根据传入的Map参数更新用户信息。
首先,我们在接口SysUserMapper中添加如下方法:
/**
* 通过Map更新列
*
* @param map
* @return
*/
int updateByMap(Map<String, Object> map);
然后在对应的SysUserMapper.xml中添加如下代码:
<update id="updateByMap">
UPDATE sys_user
SET
<foreach collection="_parameter" item="val" index="key" separator=",">
${key} = #{val}
</foreach>
WHERE id = #{id}
</update>
最后,在SysUserMapperTest测试类中添加如下测试方法:
@Test
public void testUpdateByMap() {
SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession();
try {
SysUserMapper sysUserMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(SysUserMapper.class);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("id", 1L);
map.put("user_email", "test@mybatis.tk");
map.put("user_password", "12345678");
Assert.assertEquals(1, sysUserMapper.updateByMap(map));
SysUser sysUser = sysUserMapper.selectById(1L);
Assert.assertEquals("test@mybatis.tk", sysUser.getUserEmail());
Assert.assertEquals("12345678", sysUser.getUserPassword());
} finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
运行测试代码,测试通过,输出日志如下:
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: UPDATE sys_user SET user_email = ? , user_password = ? , id = ? WHERE id = ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: test@mybatis.tk(String), 12345678(String), 1(Long), 1(Long)
DEBUG [main] - <== Updates: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT id, user_name, user_password, user_email, create_time FROM sys_user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Long)
TRACE [main] - <== Columns: id, user_name, user_password, user_email, create_time
TRACE [main] - <== Row: 1, admin, 12345678, test@mybatis.tk, 2019-06-27 18:21:07.0
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1
上面示例中,collection使用的是默认值_parameter,也可以使用@Param指定参数名字,如下所示:
int updateByMap(@Param("userMap") Map<String, Object> map);
<update id="updateByMap">
UPDATE sys_user
SET
<foreach collection="userMap" item="val" index="key" separator=",">
${key} = #{val}
</foreach>
WHERE id = #{userMap.id}
</update>
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